Cesarean & VBAC

Cesarean Delivery

A cesarean delivery (C-section) is the birth of a baby through an incision in the abdomen and uterus. Nationally, about 1 in 3 babies are delivered this way. Every pregnancy is unique, and the decision to perform a cesarean is based on what is safest for both mother and baby.

Why a Cesarean May Be Recommended

There is no single reason for a cesarean delivery. Often, it’s based on a combination of factors, including:

• Maternal health conditions that make labor or vaginal delivery unsafe

• Baby’s health or position, such as distress during labor or breech presentation

• Labor progression challenges, including a baby not fitting safely through the pelvis

• Placental concerns, such as placenta previa or placental abruption

In some cases, a cesarean is planned in advance. In others, the decision is made during labor if a vaginal delivery is no longer the safest option.

VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Cesarean)

In the past, repeat cesarean deliveries were routine. Today, many women with a prior low transverse cesarean incision may be candidates for a trial of labor after cesarean (VBAC).

VBAC success rates can be as high as 60%, though outcomes vary by individual. Benefits may include shorter recovery time, lower infection risk, and less blood loss.

The most serious risk is uterine rupture at the prior incision site, which is rare (less than 1%). Whether VBAC is appropriate is a highly individualized decision that should be discussed with your provider. In some cases, tools like a VBAC calculator may help guide this conversation.

What to Expect With a Cesarean Delivery

A cesarean may be planned or unplanned. Even when it becomes necessary during labor, the focus remains on a safe, calm environment for you and your baby. Most cesareans are performed using regional anesthesia (such as a spinal or epidural), so you are awake but comfortable. A support person can often be present and sit near your head during the procedure. You may feel pressure or pulling, but not pain. After delivery, your baby will be assessed by the care team while the surgical team completes the procedure.

Recovery After a C-Section

After surgery, you can expect IV fluids and medications initially, a temporary bladder catheter, and close monitoring of vital signs and incision healing.

As anesthesia wears off, abdominal soreness is normal. Early movement — such as sitting up and short walks — is encouraged and helps promote healing. Pain medication and support are always available to keep you comfortable.

Eating After Surgery

Many patients can begin with clear liquids shortly after surgery and gradually return to a regular diet. It’s normal for digestion to take a day or two to fully return, and some temporary bloating or gas discomfort can occur.

Going Home After a Cesarean

In the hospital and during the first few days at home, you may feel sore or more fatigued than expected. Activities like holding or feeding your baby may feel more challenging at first, and recovery can take longer than after a vaginal birth. It’s also normal to experience mood swings as your body heals and hormones shift. If you’re struggling emotionally, please talk with your care team — support is always available.

By the time you go home, you’ll typically be eating normally and no longer have an IV or catheter. Your incision should be healing well, and activity can gradually increase as your strength returns. Gentle movement — like short walks — helps recovery. Breastfeeding, if you choose to breastfeed, is not affected by having a cesarean delivery.